Clear coat failure can solve with polish
I hope you aware that clear coat is like our deep skin its failure retrieve is not possible one
Lightly Sand the edges and all of the failed clear coat and attempt to vinyl wrap the roof and hood 🙂 up charge for you as well as learning a new skill to add on instead of just turning the customer away to spend way more having those repainted.
ECO CAR WASH- AUTO DETAILING WORLD
The idea behind a "ECO wash" is to clean a car with environmentally friendly materials while using no water, protecting the environment and saving the most precious natural resource: water.
The runoff that follows from washing a car in the driveway is one of the major issues that might arise.
After that, the sewer system receives everything you used during the process.
This water is typically then released straight into the environment.
Of course, that implies that you might be causing nearby lakes, rivers, or even groundwater to become contaminated.
Real time experience car cigars smell removing
Hi everyone, I had a client who purchased a vehicle, and because the previous owner smoked cigars frequently, I detailed the vehicle to the hilt, steam cleaning and extracting everything from the carpet to the headliner. I asked the customer to replace the cabin filter, and he complied. When everything was dry the next day and the scent persisted, I set up an Ozone generator for 30 minutes. BUT NO RESULT FINALY I FIND THE SOLUTION
solution:
Run ozone overnight. Glass and plastics are porous so will absorb the smoke smells. These jobs I always first wipe down interior glass, plastics, and vinyl with vinegar to open up the pores and remove first layer of smoke. Then I go back and rewipe everything as normal. Dont forget air vents, seat belt buckles and on floor to look for hinge covers etc. Also gotta do a deep shampoo and extraction.
failure of cutting tool
Whenever the tool is not performing the machining operation satisfactorily, then there is a failure of cutting tool.
The following draw backs are observed if the tool failure occurs.
1. The tool ceases to produce the work-piece according to the required dimensions.
2. The tool gets overheated.
3. Excessive surface roughness is observed.
4. Forces and power consumption increases.
5. Sometimes the burnishing brand will appear on the work piece.
6. Produces vibrations during machining.
The parameters used for measurement of satisfactoriness of machining is
1. Surface finish produced on work piece
§ At the beginning of machining operation it is found that excellence and mirror like finish is produced on work piece.
§ After sometimes when the lines are produced on machined surface, it is assumed that surface finish is reduced and tool is failed.
2. Forces induce during machining:
§ By connecting dynamo meter to the work table, the forces in machining will be measured online.
§ Whenever the increase in forces is taking place it is assumed that tool has been failed.
§ By connecting Ammeter to the input of electrical motor, the current drawn by motor will be measured online.
§ Whenever the increase in current drawn by motor is greater it is assumed that tool has been failed.
§ The temperature of chip can measured by observing the color of chip formed.
§ During normal satisfactory machining conditions the color of chip is light Blue or metallic color.
§ When the machining is done with failure tool, because of higher heat generation the color of chip is turned to black or burnt color.
§ From the above whenever the color of chip is observed to be black or burnt color, tool is assumed to be failed.
§ During machining of high carbon work pieces, whenever white colored gases are observed, it is assumed that tool is failed.
Modes of tools failure:
1. Failure through plastic deformation
2. Failure through mechanical breakage
3. Failure through mechanical gradual wear
1. Plastic Deformation Failure:
Whenever the tip of tool is experiencing temperature greater than hot hardness temperature of tool material, it is losing its hardness considerably and the tip of tool is deforming plastically called as plastic deformation failure of the tool.
Reasons for plastic deformation failure:
1. Wrong selection of tool material.
2. Wrong selection of process parameters.
2. Mechanical Breakage Failure:
A cutting tool gets broken due to the following factors:
1. Large cutting force.
2. By developing fatigue cracks under chatter conditions.
3. Weak tool materials.
4. High temperature and high stress.
In this also failure duration is repeatable.
Therefore it is also considered as abnormal failure of tool.
3. Mechanical Gradual wear failure:
During machining operation, the tool is wearing out and slowly and whenever the wear become considerable, it can’t perform the machining satisfactory called as gradual wear failure.
The gradual wear takes place due to
1. Crater wear and
2. Flank wear
Crater wear:
§ The major tendency for wear is due to the abrasion between the chip and the face of the tool, a short distance from the cutting edge.
§ The crater (a shallow spherical depression present on surface) is formed on the surface of the tool by the nation of chip particles flowing over it because of very high temperature.
§ When Cratering becomes excessive, the cutting edge may break from the tool.
§ Cratering is commonly observed while machining ductile materials, which produce continuous chips.
Reasons for crater wear:
§ Presence of friction between chip – tool interference.
§ Abrasive action of microchips present at chip – tool interference.
§ Abrasive action of fragments of built up edge present at chip-tool interface diffusion wear.
Flank wear:
Wear taking place on flank face of tool is called as flank wear.
Reasons for flank wear:
1. Presence of friction at tool interface.
2. Abrasion action of microchips present at tool work interface.
3. Diffusion wear.
How to improve your car visibility
Every one facing same problem in our car at rainy session visibility plur its big problem even this is the reason for 70% accident below i mention some tips how to improve your car visibility if my tip helps you kindly follow my blog
Rain-X – coating your windows with Rain-X or another water repellent coating
meant for glass will increase many fold your vision when it is raining and make your
windshield wipers much more effective. Water will literally fly off your windshield.
As an alternative to a dedicated water repellent glass coating, many use a sealant on
their glass. This has nearly the same effect, but has been known to cause the window
to fog in some weather conditions. It is not recommended that you wax your glass as
wax is not as transparent (a/k/a “optically true”) as sealants.
Anti-Braking System is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (that is, ceasing rotation) and therefore
There are four main components to an ABS system:
a) Speed sensors
b) Pump
c) Valves
d) Controller
Speed Sensors– The anti-lock braking system needs some way of knowing when a wheel is about to lock up. The speed sensors, which are located at each wheel, or in some cases in the differential, provide this information.
Valves– There is a valve in the brake line of each brake controlled by the ABS. On some systems, the valve has three positions:
· In position one, the valve is open; pressure from the master cylinder is passed right through to the brake.
· In position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating that brake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure from rising further should the driver push the brake pedal harder.
· In position three, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.
Pump– Since the valve is able to release pressure from the brakes, there has to be some way to put that pressure back. That is what the pump does; when a valve reduces the pressure in a line, the pump is there to get the pressure back up.
Controller– The controller is a computer in the car. It watches the speed sensors and controls the valves.
An ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces for many drivers; however, on loose surfaces like gravel or snow-covered pavement, an ABS can significantly increase braking distance, although still improving vehicle control.
Stainless Steel is defined as that steel which when correctly heat treated and finished, resists oxidation and corrosive attack from most-corrosive media. The different types of stainless steels are as follows:
1. Martensitic stainless steel. The chromium steels containing 12 to 14% chromium and 0.12 to 0.35% carbon is called martensitic stainless steel, as they possess martensitic structure. These steels are magnetic and may be hardened by suitable heat treatment and the hardness obtainable depends upon the carbon content. These steels can be easily welded and machined.
2. Ferritic stainless steel. The steels containing greater amount of chromium (from 16 to 18%) and about 0.12% carbon are called ferritic stainless steels. These steels have better corrosion resistant property than martensitic stainless steels.
3. Austenitic stainless steel. The steel containing high content of both chromium and nickel are called austenitic stainless steels. The most widely used steel contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Such a steel is commonly known as 18/8 steel. These steels are non-magnetic and possesses greatest resistance to corrosion and good mechanical properties at elevated temperature.
The process of providing any arrangement, which will keep the engine speed constant (according to the changing load conditions) is known as governing of I.C. engines. Though there are many methods for the governing of I.C. engines, yet the following are important :
1. Hit and miss governing. In this system of governing, whenever the engine starts running at higher speed (due to decreased load), some explosions are omitted or missed. This is done with the help of a centrifugal governor. This method of governing is widely used for I. C. engines of smaller capacity or gas engines.
2. Qualitative governing. In this system of governing, a control valve is fitted in the fuel delivery pipe, which controls the quantity of fuel to be mixed in the charge. The movement of control valve is regulated by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion arrangement.
3. Quantitative governing. In this system of goverliing, the quality of charge (i.e. air-fuel ratio of the mixture) is kept constant. But the quantity of mixture supplied to the engine cylinder is varied by means of a throttle valve which is regulated by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion arrangement.
4. Combination system of governing. In this system of governing, the qualitative and quantitative methods of governing are combined together.
Diagnosis: Not normal
Black exhaust smoke can appear when the vehicle is burning too much fuel. This could be caused by a clogged air filter, malfunctioning fuel injection system, a blocked manifold, or a variety of other issues. A clogged air filter won't hurt your gas mileage thanks to today’s automotive technology, says Consumer Reports, but you’ll pay for it with poor performance. Have your vehicle checked out by a technician to see why your vehicle is burning more fuel than usual.
👆Detonation or knocking in I.C. Engines – The loud pulsating noise heard within the engine cylinder of an I.C. engine is known as detonation (also called knocking or inking). It is caused due to the propagation of a high speed pressure wave created by the auto-ignition of end portion of unburnt fuel. The blow of this pressure wave may be of sufficient strength to break the piston. Thus, the detonation is harmful to the engine and must be avoided. The following are certain factors which causes detonation:
1. The shape of the combustion chamber,
2. The relative position of the sparking plugs in case of petrol engines,
3. The chemical nature of the fuel,
4. The initial temperature and pressure of the fuel, and
5. The rate of combustion of that portion of the fuel which is the first to ignite. This portion of the fuel in heating up, compresses the remaining unburnt fuel, thus producing the conditions for auto-ignition to occur.
The detonation in petrol engines can be suppressed or reduced by the addition of a small amount of lead ethide or ethyl fluid to the fuel. This is called doping.
The following are the chief effects due to detonation:
1. A loud pulsating noise which may be accompanied by a vibration of the engine.
2. An increase in the heat lost to the surface of the combustion chamber.
3. An increase in carbon deposits.
Fluid coupling and its UN known information
It is a device for transmitting rotation between shafts by means of the acceleration and deceleration of a hydraulic fluid (such as oil). Also known as hydraulic coupling. Structurally, a fluid coupling consists of an impeller on the input or driving shaft and a runner on the output or driven shaft. The two contain the fluid. Impeller and runner are bladed rotors, the impeller acting as a pump and the runner reacting as a turbine. Basically, the impeller accelerates the fluid from near its axis, at which the tangential component of absolute velocity is low, to near its periphery, at which the tangential component of absolute velocity is high. This increase in velocity represents an increase in kinetic energy. The fluid mass emerges at high velocity from the impeller, impinges on the runner blades, gives up its energy, and leaves the runner at low velocity.
Hydraulic fluid couplings transfer rotational force from a transmitting axis to a receiving axis. The coupling consists of two toroids — doughnut-shaped objects — in a sealed container of hydraulic fluid. One toroid is attached to the driving shaft and spins with the rotational force. The spinning toroid moves the hydraulic fluid around the receiving toroid. The movement of the fluid turns the receiving toroid and thus turns the connected shaft.
Although fluid couplings use hydraulic fluid within their construction, the mechanism loses a portion of its force to friction and results in the creation of heat. No fluid coupling can run at 100 percent efficiency. Excessive heat production from poorly maintained couplings can result in damage to the coupling and surrounding systems.
A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed operation and/or controlled start-up without shock loading of the power transmission system is essential.
A force exerted on a body can cause a change in either the shape or the motion of the body. The unit of force in SI system is the newton (N) and CGS system is dyne. No solid body is perfectly rigid and when forces are applied to it, changes in dimensions occur. Such changes are not always perceptible to the human eye since they are negligible. For example, the span of a bridge will sag under the weight of a vehicle and a spanner will bend slightly when tightening a nut. It is important for civil engineers and designers to appreciate the effects of forces on materials, together with their mechanical properties of materials.
There are three main types of mechanical forces that can act on a body. They are:
1. Tensile force
2. Compressive force and
3. Shear force
Tensile force that tends to stretch a material, as shown in the figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Tensile force
For example,
1. Rubber bands, when stretched, are in tension.
2. The rope or cable of a crane carrying a load is in tension.
3. When a nut is tightened, a bolt is under tension.
A tensile force will increases the length of the material on which it acts.
Compressive force that tends to squeeze or crush a material, as shown in the figure below.
For example,
A pillar supporting a bridge is in compression.
Shear force that tends to slide one face of the material over an adjacent face.
For example,
A shear force can cause a material to bend, slide or twist.
Enthalpy is the measure of heat energy in the air due to sensible heat or latent heat. Sensible heat is the heat (energy) in the air due to the temperature of the air and the latent heat is the heat (energy) in the air due to the moisture of the air. The sum of the latent energy and the sensible energy is called the air enthalpy. Enthalpy is expressed in Btu per pound of dry air (Btu/lb of dry air) or kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg).
Enthalpy is useful in air heating and cooling applications. Air with same amount of energy may either be dry hot air (high sensible heat) or cool moist air (high latent heat)
The enthalpy scale is located above the saturation, upper boundary of the chart. Lines of constant enthalpy run diagonally downward from left to right across the chart; follow almost exactly the line of constant wet bulb temperature.
When a process takes place at constant pressure, the heat absorbed or released is equal to the Enthalpy change. Enthalpy is sometimes known as “heat content”, but “enthalpy” is an interesting and unusual word, so most people like to use it. Etymologically, the word “entropy” is derived from the Greek, meaning “turning” and “enthalpy” is derived from the Greek meaning “warming”. As for pronunciation, Entropy is usually stressed on its first syllable, while enthalpy is usually stressed on the second.
Enthalpy(H) is the sum of the internal energy(U) and the product of pressure(P) and volume(V).
Enthalpy H can be written as,
H = U + pV
Where, H = Enthalpy of the system
U = Internal energy of the system
p = Pressure of the system
V = Volume of the system
Enthalpy is not measured directly, however, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured, which is the heat added or lost by the system. It is entirely dependent on the state functions T, p and U.
Enthalpy can also be written as
ΔH=ΔU+ΔPV
At constant temperature, for the process heat flow(q) is equal to the change in enthalpy, this is represented as
ΔH=q
Enthalpy Units
The Enthalpy is expressed as,
H = Energy/Mass
Any physical quantity can be represented by dimensions. The arbitrary magnitudes allocated to the dimensions are called units. There are two types of dimensions namely primary or fundamental and secondary or derived dimensions.
Primary dimensions are: mass, m; length, L; time, t; temperature, T
Secondary dimensions are the ones that can be derived from primary dimensions such as velocity(m/s2 ), pressure (Pa = kg/m.s2 ).
There are two unit systems currently available SI (International System) and USCS (United States Customary System) or English system. We, however, will use SI units exclusively in this course. The SI units are based on the decimal relationship between units.
MAJOR CAUSES OF ENGINE BREAKDOWN OR SUDDEN STOPPING.
1) Overheated engine
2) Chocked catalytic converter
3) Electrical issues in the Ignition System.
4) Inadequate Transmission Fluid leading to increased friction in the gearbox.
5) Loose engine Bolts.
CAUSES OF ENGINE BREAKDOWN.
- Engine overheating.
As the fuel burns the Chemical Energy is changed to Heat Energy. The engine further changes the Heat Energy to Mechanical Energy which propels the car.
If this Heat in the Engine bay goes beyond the normal range, the pistons and the engine start expanding. Engine expansion compresses the cylinder decreaing their diameter and hence icreasing the friction between the the piston and the Cylinder Walls as the piston moves up and down.
Eventually if the temperature keeps rising the piston is tightly held by the cylinder walls and its unable to move again and this leads to a sudden engine stop.
CAUSES OF ENGINE OVERHEATING.
1) Defective Radiator Cap.
2) Leakage in the cooling system
3) Condensed Engine coolant
4) Blockage to coolant circulation delivery galleries.
5) Low Engine Oil level.
6) Broken or Defective Water Pump.
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These alloys are referred to as iron-base, cobalt-base or nickel-base super alloys. They contain nickel, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum as major alloying elements; Most super alloys have a maximum service temperature of about 1000°C for non-load bearing components.
Iron base super alloys generally contain composition of 32% to 67% iron, from 15% to 22% chromium and from 9% to 38% nickel.
Cobalt-base super alloys generally contain composition of 35% to 65% cobalt, 19% to 30% chromium and up to 35% nickel. Cobalt (Co) is white-colored metal that resembles nickel. These super alloys are not as strong as nickel-base super alloys in this they retain their strength at higher temperatures.
Nickel-base super alloys are the most common of the super alloys and they are available in a variety of compositions. The composition of nickel is from 38% to 76%; they also contain up to 27% chromium and 20% cobalt. Common alloys in this group are the Hastelloy, Inconel, Nimonic, Rene, Udimet, Astroloy and Waspaloy series.
What Mechanical Engineers Do
Mechanical engineers research, design, build, configure and test mechanical and thermal sensors and devices, including tools, machinery and equipment.
Duties of Mechanical Engineers
Mechanical engineers usually do the following:
Analyze issues to see how mechanical and heating devices can help a machine solve a particular problem
Designing or redesigning mechanical and heating devices or accessories using analytics and computer aided design
Investigate equipment failures or difficulties to detect operation malfunction and suggest solutions
Design Create and test prototypes of the devices they design
Results Examine the test results and modify the design or layout as needed
Oversee the manufacturing process for the device
Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest fields of engineering. Mechanical engineers design and oversee many products, from medical devices to new batteries.
Mechanical engineers design electric generators, internal combustion engines and generating engines such as steam and gas turbines, and electric machines such as air conditioning and air conditioning systems.
Mechanical engineers design other machines within buildings, such as elevators and escalators. They also design material-handling systems such as conveyor systems and automatic transmission stations.
Like other engineers, mechanical engineers use computers extensively. Mechanical engineers are usually responsible for integrating sensors, controllers and machinery. Computer technology enables mechanical engineers to create and analyze designs, run simulations and test how a machine may work, interact with connected systems, and create specifications for parts.
Examples of the following types of mechanical engineers:
Auto research engineers seek to improve the performance of cars. These engineers are working to improve the traditional features of cars such as suspension, and they are also working on aerodynamics and new potential fuels.
Engineers work to create and maintain ecosystems where temperature and humidity must be kept within certain limits. They make similar systems for planes, trains, cars, schools and even computer rooms.
Robot engineers design, build, and maintain robots. These engineers plan how robots use sensors to detect objects based on light or smell, and design how these sensors fit into the design of the robots.
Forging process is perhaps the oldest metal working process and was known even during prehistoric days when metallic tools were made by heating and hammering.
Forging is basically involves plastic deformation of material between two dies to achieve desired configuration. Depending upon complexity of the part forging is carried out as open die forging and closed die forging.
In open die forging process, the metal is compressed by repeated blows by a mechanical hammer and shape is manipulated manually.
In closed die forging, the desired configuration is obtained by squeezing the workpiece between two shaped between two shaped and closed dies.
In forging process the forces are applied on the raw material such that the stresses induced are greater than yield and less than ultimate so that material is experiencing plastic (or) permanent deformation to get required shape. But in forging operation force applied can be either continuous or intermittent impact loads.
1 Based on the method of force application
1. Hand forging (Drop hammer type)
2. Machine forging (Mechanical or hydrostatic forging)
Hand forging always uses drop hammer type. Because the continuous force by the human hand, it is not sufficient to produce the deformation in work piece.
In machine forging because the required force is obtained from machine it is possible to use either continuous force application or intermittent impact load application.
2. Based on method of shape obtained
1. Open die forging
2. Closed die forging
3. Semi die forging
§ In open die forging operation only drop hammer type of force application will be used.
§ Press forging is not used since there is no time fr changing the position of component.
Features of open die die forging:
§ Repeated impact blows are given on the work.
§ Less dimensional accuracy.
§ Suitable only for simple shapes of work.
§ Requires more skill of the operator.
§ Usually used for a work before subjecting it to closed die forging (to give approximate shape.
§ Dies are simple and less expensive.
§ It can be analyzed much easily.
§ it is the simplest of all forging operations.
§ Closed die forging is also called as impression die forging because the shape of the dies is impressed on the component.
§ In this the type of forging force application may be either press forging type or drop hammer type will be used.
Features of closed die forging:
§ Closed die forging involves two or more steps:
1. Blocking die: Work is rough forged, closed to final shape.
2. Finishing die: Work is forged to final shape and dimension.
§ Both blocking die and finishing die are machined into the same die block.
§ More number of dies are required depending on the complexity of the job.
§ Two die halves close-in & work is deformed under high pressure.
§ High dimensional accuracy/close control on tolerances.
§ Suitable for complex shapes.
§ Dies are complex and more expensive.
§ Large production rates are necessary to justify high costs.
§ Only drop hammer type of force application is possible.
§ In case of open die and closed die forging operations the volume of raw material required is remaining same as that of the volume of final finished component. But in case of closed die forging operation the volume of the raw material is about 10% to 20% more than final component to be obtained.
§ To accommodate the excess volume of material it is required to provide some open space dies also called gutter.
§ Because of provision of gutter the flash is produces in the forged component.
§ This flash is unwanted material which has to be removed by trimming operation.
§ Flash and gutter is used only in case of closed die operation but not in open die or semi closed die forging operation.
Some common advantages of choosing forging operation are listed below:
1. Forged parts possess high ductility and offers great resistance to impact and fatigue loads.
2. Forging refines the structure of the metal.
3. It results in considerable saving in time, labor and material as compared to the production process of similar item by cutting from a solid workpiece and then shaping it.
4. Forging distorts the previously created unidirectional fiber as created by rolling and increases the strength by setting the direction of grains.
5. The forged parts can be welded easily.
6. Because of intense working, flaws are rarely found, so have high reliability.
7. High accuracy may be obtained in forging operation.
Few disadvantages of choosing forging operation are listed below:
1. Rapid oxidation in forging of metal surface at high temperature results in scaling which wears the dies.
2. It is difficult to maintain close tolerances in forging operations.
3. Forging is limited to simple shapes and has limitation for parts having undercuts etc.
4. Some materials are not readily worked by forging.
5. The initial cost of forging dies and the cost of their maintenance is high.
6. The metals gets cracked or distorted if worked below a specified temperature limit.
7. The maintenance cost of forging dies is also very high.
Safety Precautions in Forging Shop
Some safety precautions in forging shop to followed while performing forging operation to avoid injuries and accidents are listed below:
1. Always avoid the use of damaged hammers.
2. Never try to strike a hardened surface with a hardened tool.
3. No person should stand in line with the flying objects.
4. Always use the proper tongs tool to grip and lift objects according to the type of work.
5. The anvil should always be clean and free from moisture and grease while in use.
6. Always wear proper clothes such as apron, foot-wears and goggles.
7. The handle of the hammer should always be tightly fitted in the head of the hammer.
8. Always put out the fire in the forge before leaving the forging shop.
9. Always keep the working space clean and tidy.
10. Proper safety guards should be provided on all revolving parts.
11. Head of the chisel should be free from burrs and should never be allowed to spread.
12. During machine forging, always observe the safety rules prescribed for each machine.
13. One must have the thorough knowledge and working of the forging machine before going to operate it.
Best window cleaning Robert by prof. Moses
Hi my dear friends I am writing this article about a best window cleaning Robert normally todays Roberts are play wide role of humans life , So below I mention some brand names below best cleaning Roberts
