NANO TEChNOLOGY FOR STROKE by moses dhilip kumar
ABSTRACT:
- Dictionary
defines stroke as a sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation
and voluntary motion caused by rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of an
artery of the brain also called apoplexy.
- In
layman’s term stroke occurs when a clot blocks a blood vessel that carries
oxygen and nutrients to the brain. When that happens, part of the brain
cannot get the blood (and oxygen) it needs, so it starts to die.
FORMATION OF CLOT:
·
Blood converted from the liquid
to solid state is called as thrombus. The process by which the blood clot is
formed is called as coagulation. A blood clot or thrombus is stationary within
the vessel or heart. If it moves from that location through the blood stream,
it is referred to as an embolus.
·
Blood does
wonderful things like carrying oxygen, cleaning waste products, and delivering
cells and chemicals to fight infection. But mess up its environment and blood
can cause all sorts of problems. The heart pushes blood cells to the far
recesses of the body, but it returns from the fingers, toes, arms and legs in
veins that are milked by the routine contractions of the muscles that surround
them. As you walk, blood gets pushed back to the heart; as you type, the
muscles of your fingers and hands do the work to get the blood back.
·
Without
that muscle movement, blood stagnates and has a tendency to clot. There are two
parallel systems of veins in the legs and arms. The superficial set under the
skin drains blood into the deeper set through a set of connectors that have
valves in place. So clots in the superficial system are filtered before they enter
the deep pipeline. No such luck for the deep vein system. No valve, no filters,
and it's a straight shot to the heart and lungs if a clot should form and break
off.
- Deep venous thrombosis, or DVT, is the
medical term for a blood clot in that deeper system. The symptoms of pain,
swelling, and redness are similar to those of infection, and sometimes
it's hard to tell the two apart, except by using ultrasound to check the flow of blood in
the veins. But the DVT is just the harbinger (sign) of potential disaster.
If a clot has formed, it can grow and break off and float downstream.
CAUSES OF STROKE:
- Clogging
of arteries within the brain (for example, lacunar stroke)
- Hardening
of the arteries leading to the brain (for example, carotid artery
occlusion)
- Hardening
of the arteries leading to the brain (for example, carotid artery occlusion)
EFFECTS OF STROKE:
- The brain
is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a
stroke occurs and blood flow can't reach the region that controls a
particular body function, that part of the body won't work as it should
- RightBrain
The effects of a stroke depend on several factors including the location of the obstruction and how much brain tissue is affected. However, because one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, a stroke affecting one side will result in neurological complications on the side of the body if affects
- If stroke
occurs in the brain's right side, the left side of the body (and the right
side of the face) will be affected, which could produce any or all of the
following:
- Paralysis
on the left side of the body
- Vision
problems
- Memory
loss
- LeftBrain
If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body (and the left side of the face) will be affected, producing some or all of the following
- Paralysis
on the right side of the body
- Speech/language
problems
- Slow,
cautious, behavioral style.
- Memory
loss
NANOBOTICAL APPROACH TO STROKE:
Concerning the adverse
effects of stroke, we have implemented a system, which is electronically viable
for the treatment of stroke. Currently there is no pre-diagnostic treatment for
strokes. Only with the help of dietary control, strokes can be prevented.
Further, the formation of clot cannot be pre-determined by any of the
electronic gadgets.
Considering
the present pathetic scenario in our mind, we have formulated a system, wherein
a nanobot is used for such a cause. With such a rapid development in the field
of nano, we can extract an enormous potential from these tiny-bots.
STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS OF OUR SYSTEM
Our
system adopts “stinger bots” which follows these procedures
·
Our
stinger locates the clot
·
Meticulous
analysis of the blood clot is done by our bots
·
Administration of TPA and WARFARIN, which are
“clot-busters” are used by nanobots to dissolve the clot.
·
Periodical
review of the diagnosis is done and an operational review of the process is
retrieved.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM:
LOCATION OF THE CLOT:
- A person with the symptoms of the stroke needs to
be determined where the clot exactly lies.
- This is one of the prior and mandatory steps of our
system.
Fluzon bots, which
are specialized bots in image processing, are adopted for this purpose, which
adopts PHYTHON CODING.
- The clot determination is done by
concerning various aspects namely,
- Thickness
- Density
- Blood flow obstruction ratio
which we denote it as BFOR
- Oxygen ratio
- The above figures shows the
different process we adopt with our bots with respect to the location of
the clot.
- Clear 3-D view of the dimensional
analysis of the clot that is viewed by the doctor and the different ratios
needed for consideration is retrieved.
After this process a much more intense analysis work is
done by getting the information needed
.jpg)
ANALYSIS OF THE CLOT:
·
After the clot is determined
and various aspect ratios are noted, a very keen diagnosis method has to be
adopted for the treatment of the clots.
·
BFOR a very important ratio
determines the nature of the clot which is given an hierarchical order of
preference based on the present condition of it, which can be otherwise given
as
1.
When 1 is denoted the case is
very urgent and needs prior treatment immediately
2.
When 2 is denoted the case lies
between a normal ratio and an urgent case
3.
When 3 is denoted the case is
quite normal and treatment need not be done in a faster pace.
Automatically a database is set up which analyses the
case and urgency of the clot and the medicinal back up needed for the case
DELIVERING THE
TPA AND WARFARIN:
·
The most important use for
adopting nanobots is because they are excellent medicine carriers and they do
it by taking it directly to the spot needed.
·
Tpa one of the most important
treatments over the last few years for the immediate treatment of a stroke is a
medicine called TPA (which stands for tissue plasminogen activator). TPA is a
very powerful “clot – buster” that is infused through the veins. If given
within the first three hours after the onset of the symptoms. TPA can
significantly improve the patients outcome from the stroke over the long term.
The sooner the TPA is started. The better the outcome, so time is of the
essence.
·
Warfarin is also sometimes used
to prevent the recurrence of a stroke in other situations, such as with certain
other heart conditions and conditions in which the blood has a tendency to clot
on its own (hypercoagulable states). Patients taking warfarin need to have
periodic blood checks to make sure that their current dose is producing the
desired effect.
·
So depending upon he case
either TPA or warfarins are injected through the bots to dissolve the clot.
·
The nanobot that specializes in
this field is called the ‘stinger bots’. These bots have the property of
delivering the medicine to the exact place needed
VARIOUS PARTS OF STINGER BOTS:
STINGER bots
provide us with three main important factors before the operation has to be
done. They are namely,
·
ACOUSTIC SENSORS
- BIO SENSORS
- ENVORONMENTAL SENSORS
All these three
sensors categorize the given clot with the respective parameters involved and
then the operation is carried out with intense care and observation.
PERIODICAL
REVIEW:
- As soon as this process, the
different parametrical readings taken before are again checked for
conformation.
- It is seen that the patients
health condition is back to normal by observing the factors for several
times and it is made sure that in every such check there is a very
negative result for stroke formation.
- As we know that stroke patients
need more therapies for early recovery, the process involved are
implemented in this step
OPERATIONAL REPORT:
·
Based on the observations of
the above processes an operational report of the patient is retrieved which
indicates the
1.
Dissolvation factor of the clot (DF)
2.
The blood flow obstruction
ratio (BFOR) and
3.
The oxygen content of the blood
(OC)
·
These factors are seen to it
that they never cross the normal value for atleast a month time after the
process has been performed.
·
Only after that, the patient is
discharged from the treatment.
SPECIFIC ADVANTAGES OF OUR SYSTEM
TO PATIENTS:
1.
As the
two nano bots that we are applying in our system is a constituent made of the
same composition of the blood cells ,
the anti-bodies present in the human
being won’t detect our system as a
foreign particle , which eradicates the side effects.
2.
The system is very safe as we have a step by step process which keeps monitoring
the different risk factors of the body
and has a keen eye on the parameters involved with it.
3.
We
have included a special theraphy concept including our elecronical system which
balances the ratio of application.
SALIENT FEATURES OF OUR SYSTEM:
As of till now no
elecronically viable system has been
adopted for the treatment for strokes.
The monitoring system is purely done by phython coding which
has the following advantages
1.
·
No stroke treatment system has ever adopted
phython coding as its source code
·
The
standard library of phython mirrored the c library
·
Phython
boots faster than JAVA
Phython faster than java when it comes to parsing and
processing large volumes of data(10 GB) at a time.
·
.jpg)
