history of locomotive by moses dhilip kumar

                         

The first self-propelling steam engine or steam locomotive made its outing on 13 February 1804.
                  this engine not able to carry ,more weight only it carry 10 to 15 tones

  

and its purely steam power engine now a days lot of power sources available but that time  steam is 

very great innovative one  this first engine travel only km/h,    at the initial stage peoples waiting  for water gets steam for long time but they are enjoy to sea  locomotive motives forward                                             The first public railway was the Stockton and Darling ton Railway.

Stephenson-designed locos, the first of which was called Locomotion. now a days lots of technology 

growth very fast but we never skip old this type innovates because this all are under not a just an engineering . 

backbone of engineering  lot of travelling vehicle available but middle class people until now they are like travel only in train . so this time we respect those who are involve and helps  to innovative the locomotive 

POWER STEERING by moses dhilip kumar

    

         The front wheels are turned to the right or left as per the will of the driver                       through the mechanical advantage of the steering gear and the linkage           

         There are some disadvantages in manual steering.

v  It is bigger and heavier in engines on cars.

v  Low pressure types should be used in case of cars.

v  The larger steering ratio is required to steer these cars. For this, more turns of the steering wheel are required to move to the desired distance.

v  Larger tyres having heavier weight on vehicles make the car more difficult in parking. So, the driver has to apply greater physical strength for driving the vehicles.

v  To overcome this difficulty, power – assisted steering has been introduced as shown in fig.   They have only power –assisted steering, called power steering.

                        When a car is steered manually, the driver has to supply all the

WORKING

v  The power steering is to improve driving comfort, most modern automobiles have wide, low pressure tyres with increased the tyre to road surface contact area.

v  The power – steering system used in automobiles is actually a modified manual – steering system as show in fig.

v  The steering column, steering gear, and steering linkage entirely vary from the manual – steering systems. The main difference between power steering and manual steering system is a power booster attached to assist the driver.

v  In this power – assisted steering, the booster is operated when the steering shaft turns. When the steering effort exceeds a certain force, when the steering wheel turns, valves are actuated by this hydraulic pressure to a cylinder. “Then this pressure makes the piston to move and provides most of the steering force.

 

                               A simple hydraulic power assisted steering is illustrated in fig

v  It consists of a fluid reservoir, hydraulic pump, hydraulic ram, control valve, steering shaft, steering box and steering wheel.

v  The engine driven by hydraulic pumps supply oil under pressure from the oil reservoir to the feed lines. A hydraulic control valve provided below the steering measures the input pressure at the steering wheel. Then the pressure is converted in to the hydraulic ram.

v  When the steering wheel is stationary, the oil will exert the same pressure on both sides of the piston and retain the piston at rest.

v  When the driver turns the steering wheel, the control valve is moved by the steering arm. At that time, one of the ports closes while the other one opens.

v  High pressure oil enters one side thereby moving the piston. Then this movement of the piston actuates the steering linkage to move in the required direction.

v  This system is used in big cars and heavy commercial vehicles.

v  It is very much suitable for low speeds and the vehicle for parking purposes while reversing.

Energy doors by moses dhilip kumar

ENERGY DOORS

ABSTRACT

Energy Doors – as the name suggests, doors that can produce electricity. The input is the human energy. The electricity produced can be stored in a battery or can be used directly to provide power to small electrical appliances.

There are two types of energy doors:

1.      Mechanical Energy Doors

2.      Electronic Energy Doors.

The energy door which has gears, flywheels, and an alternator is called mechanical energy doors. The energy door which has lightning piezoelectric components is called as electronic energy doors.

Mechanical Energy doors can be used in public places to produce electricity and electronic energy doors can be used in private buildings, as they produce more electricity than mechanical systems.

The door is connected to a mechanism which has either mechanical components or electronic components. When the door is opened or closed, the given human power, which causes the mechanical motion, is converted into electricity by the alternator or lightning piezoelectric component.

This energy door can be mainly used for powering lighting system using LED’s as they require only small amount of electricity. This reduces the electricity bill and mainly, it reduces the usage of fossil fuels used to produce electricity which cause pollution to the environment.

The main aim of the energy door is to save the environment by providing power using freely available human power without causing any pollution to the environment.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION:

Energy doors can produce electricity by converting small amounts of human energy into electricity. The electricity produced by the energy door can be used to power small electric devices or can be stored in a battery to use it later.

CONCEPT:

Every building in this world has doors. We humans operate the door using our energy. The door has two operations – open and close. The idea is to add another operation to the door to produce electricity, which utilizes the same human energy to produce electricity. 

CONSTRUCTION:

The energy door consists of the following parts:

1.     Ordinary door.

2.     Gear wheels.

3.     Flywheel.

4.     Connecting rod.

5.     Chain & Sprocket.

6.     Generator.

7.     Piezoelectric device.

8.     Battery.

MODEL OF ENERGY DOOR DESIGNED USING SOLIDWORKS

1. DOOR:

The door can be of three types:

A.    Swinging door.

B.    Sliding door.

C.     Rotating door.

A.    Swing door is a simple door. In this, the door is connected to a mechanism by a connecting rod which is connected to a chain. The other end is attached with a sprocket which converts the sliding mechanism into rotating mechanism.  The sprocket is connected to gear wheels, which increases the speed of the rotating motion. The gear wheels are connected to a flywheel. The main use of a flywheel here is to make things easier. A slight force is enough from us; rest of the necessary force is provided by the flywheel.

B.    Sliding door – also has the same mechanism as the swinging door.

C.     Rotating door – In this there is no need of converting sliding motion into rotating motion. The gears and flywheel are connected directly to the main shaft of the door. The alternator or lightning piezoelectric component is also attached directly to the main shaft.

PIEZOELECTRIC COMPONENT:

Instead of using gears, flywheels & alternators to produce electricity. A piezoelectric component can be used to produce large amount electricity depending on the type of piezoelectric component.

Here, a Lightning piezoelectric component is used. This piezoelectric component is a special type which can produce more electricity when compared to ordinary piezoelectric materials. This lightning piezoelectric component is developed by NASA.

It works on a simple principle. A thin ceramic piezoelectric wafer is sandwiched between an aluminum sheet and a steel sheet and held together with LaRC-SI, an amorphous thermo­plastic adhesive with special properties created by NASA. The sandwich is heated in an autoclave, and the adhesive melts. When the sandwich cools, the adhe­sive bonds the parts together into one piezoelectric ele­ment. While they cool, the components of the element contract at different rates, since they are made of different materials. This differential shrinkage causes the element to warp in either a convex or concave shape, depending on which way it is oriented. The shrinking of the outside metal layers places the inside piezoelectric ceramic under mechanical stress. If the element is cantilevered by clamp­ing one side and then plucked, it reverberates like a diving board that has just ejected a diver.

This way, a small amount of mechanical energy can result in a relatively long period of electrical generation

Lightning piezoelectric component

WORKING OF ENERGY DOORS:

The working procedure is simple. In swinging & sliding doors, the sliding motion is converted into rotating motion, which drives the alternator to produce electricity. In rotating doors, directly the rotating motion is converted into electricity.

Instead of using mechanical components, piezoelectric component can be used. In this the mechanical energy is directly converted into electricity with much more efficiently than the alternator.

APPLICATIONS:

·        The energy doors can be used in public places like hotels, shops, railway station, airport and in many public places.

·        It can be used in private buildings in places like air-conditioned rooms like computer labs, library & etc…

·        A piezoelectric energy doors can be best used in houses which produces larger amount of electricity.

·        The electricity generated by the energy door can be used stored or can be used to power LED lights which needs only small amount of electricity.

·        It can be used to directly power a camera in a door or for an electronic lock.

·        At last, but not the least, it reduces the pollution produced by fossil fuels for generating electricity to a little extent.

CONCLUSION:

The Energy doors will revolutionize the design of doors. Usage of many energy doors in a building can produce large amount of energy which can be used for powering the entire lighting systems, which reduces the electricity bill. And it has many other benefits than conventional doors.

TOP MULTI EARNING COMPUTER millinors

HAI dear readers this is new  and interesting        top 5 multi nation earning companys


top no 5;

          google   
                      google company got top 5 'th place and this campany turn over 49.5 million dollars  and their tax amount is 2 million dollars
         and their profit amount  15.2 million dollers      

top no 4;

        ORACLE 

           oracle  company got 4 th place their turn over 29.74  and abroad investment i2.7 million and profit is 21.2 millions


top 3
         CISCO   
                  this casco is very huge amount turn over got comparing to previous twos
 and their turn over amount is 46.74 million dollars    their tax amount is 2 million dollars   


top   2

       
           DO U GUESS   which one is got second       yes    the great    MICRO SOFT   they got 2 nd place total amount 59.5 million dollars  and THEIR tax amount 3.5 million dollars


TOP 1    

APPLE  
         APPLE IS GOT NO 1 place because their turn over amount    110  million dollars    this is the high comparing      to above companys          ,,,,,,,,,congrats  apple              ..............




by moses 

DO U KNOW SHORTCUT ? BY MOSES DHILIP KUMAR

FNDS THIS SHORTCUTS REALLY VERRY USEFULL FOR UR COMPUTER WORKS..

Keyboard Shorcuts (Microsoft Windows)
1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)

4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents opensimultaneou sly)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

MMC COnsole Windows Shortcut keys

1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web )